复合双歧杆菌制剂对肉羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及血液生化指标的影响

为研究复合双歧杆菌制剂对肉羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及血液生化指标的影响,试验选择健康、体重相近的杜寒杂交肉羊60只随机分成4组,每组15个重复,每个重复1只,1组为对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验2、3、4组分别在基础日粮中添加2.5%、5.0%、10%的复合双歧杆菌制剂,预试验7 d,试验期56 d。结果表明:(1)试验3、4组的平均日增重较1组比分别提高13.5%、9.3%(P<0.05),料重比较1组比分别降低10.3%、9.4%(P<0.05),试验2、3、4组的干物质采食量均高于1组(P>0.05);(2)试验2、3、4组的干物质、钙、磷、酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率均高于1组(P>0.05),试验3、4组的粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维消化率较1组比分别提高17.2%、15.3%、12.5%、9.1%(P<0.05);(3)试验3、4组血清中的总蛋白(TP)含量较1组比分别提高16.0%、12.9%(P<0.05),试验2、3、4组血清中的白蛋白(ALB)含量均高于1组(P>0.05),试验2、3、4组血清中谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)含量均低于1组(P>0.05),试验3、4组血清中尿素氮(BUN)含量较1组比分别降低15.4%、13.8%(P<0.05)。综上,不同水平的复合双歧杆菌制剂可以提高肉羊生长性能、养分表观消化率,且对血液生化指标无明显影响,以5.0%添加为适宜。     

花椰菜尾菜发酵饲料对保育猪生长性能、血清生化指标、小肠组织形态及经济效益的影响

为研究花椰菜尾菜发酵饲料对保育猪生长性能、血清生化指标、小肠组织形态及经济效益的影响。选取42头体重相近（11.40±1.36） kg、体况良好的40日龄保育猪,随机分为两组,每组3个重复,每个重复7头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂由80%基础饲粮和20%花椰菜尾菜发酵饲料组成的试验饲粮。试验共30 d,其中预试期8 d,正试期22 d。结果表明：与对照组相比,1）试验组保育猪的平均日采食量和平均日增重分别显著提高了16.50%和18.68%（P<0.05）,腹泻率显著降低了74.35%（P<0.05）。2）试验组保育猪十二指肠、空肠、盲肠、结肠和直肠食糜pH值分别显著降低了19.16%、11.59%、14.09%、15.95%和11.23%（P<0.05）。3）试验组血清尿素氮、白蛋白、免疫球蛋白M的含量显著升高了69.84%、5.22%、100%（P<0.05）,血清总胆固醇、谷丙转氨酶的含量分别显著降低了29.43%、60.51%（P<0.05）。4）试验组保育猪的空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度和回肠绒毛高度分别显著升高了13.64%和11.49%（P<0.05）,空肠隐窝深度显著降低了9.56%（P<0.05）。5）试验组每头猪的增重收益、毛利润分别显著提高了30.84%和44.48%（P<0.05）,饲料成本显著降低了21.58%（P<0.05）。综上所述,饲喂花椰菜尾菜发酵饲料能够降低保育猪的腹泻率,提高保育猪的生长性能,增强其免疫性能,促进肠道发育,提高经济效益。     

妊娠后期营养限制对蒙古绵羊胎儿生物原胺类神经递质的影响

本试验旨在研究妊娠后期营养限制对蒙古绵羊胎儿生物原胺类神经递质的影响。选择健康、体况相近的蒙古绵羊18只,对其进行同期发情、配种后,从妊娠第90天开始,随机分为3个组:营养限制1组[NG1组,n=6,代谢能(ME)=0.175 MJ/(kg BW 0.75·d)]、营养限制2组[NG2组,n=6,ME=0.330 MJ/(kg BW 0.75·d)]和对照组[CG组,n=6,ME=0.670 MJ/(kg BW 0.75·d)],在妊娠第140天时屠宰,取各组胎儿及其脑组织和血液。结果显示:NG1组胎儿的脑重较CG组显著增高(P<0.05),并且NG1组胎儿脑中5-羟色胺(5-HT)(P<0.01)、肾上腺素(EPI)(P<0.05)含量显著或极显著高于CG组,去甲肾上腺素(NA)的含量极显著低于CG组(P<0.01)。NG2组胎儿脑中5-HT含量极显著高于CG组(P<0.01),而NA(P<0.01)、多巴胺(DA)(P<0.05)含量显著或极显著低于CG组。另外,NG1组胎儿血浆中5-HT(P<0.01)、EPI(P<0.01)、NA(P<0.05)、DA(P<0.01)含量显著或极显著低于CG组;NG2组胎儿血浆中5-HT(P<0.01)、NA(P<0.01)、DA(P<0.05)含量显著或极显著低于CG组。由此得出,妊娠后期营养限制使得蒙古绵羊胎儿脑中5-HT、EPI含量升高和NA含量降低,血浆中5-HT、EPI、NA、DA含量降低。     

低血糖生成指数液态奶的开发及测试

为获得营养均衡的调制牛奶,满足人体的多种营养需求,添加多种维生素和矿物质,设计出一款适用于糖尿病人、亚健康人群、体重管理、皮肤管理等人群饮用的低血糖生成指数（Glycemic Index,GI）的牛奶。稳定性试验结果表明,静置12 天后,牛奶无显著脂肪上浮,体系稳定性良好;人体GI值试验结果表明,调制牛奶的餐后血糖值上升和下降均较葡萄糖餐后血糖值平稳,有较好稳定餐后血糖的效果,表明开发的调制牛奶为低GI食品（GI值=22.86）。人体饱腹感试验结果显示,和普通纯牛奶对比,调制牛奶具有显著提高饱腹感的效果。     

Evaluation of the agreement of two oscillometric blood pressure devices with invasive blood pressure in anaesthetized chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

ObjectiveTo evaluate the agreement of two noninvasive blood pressure devices: a human device with the cuff placed on the wrist (Omron R1) and a veterinary device with the cuff placed on the upper brachium (Surgivet Advisor Vital Signs Monitor) with invasive blood pressure (IBP) measurement in anaesthetized chimpanzees.Study designProspective clinical study.AnimalsA convenience sample of 11 adult chimpanzees undergoing anaesthesia for translocation and routine health checks.MethodsSystolic (SAP) and diastolic arterial pressures (DAP) were continuously recorded via a transducer connected to a femoral artery cannula, and at 5 minute intervals from the two oscillometric devices. Agreement was explored using Bland-Altman analysis and bias defined as the mean difference between the two measurement methods. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated. Significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsBias and standard deviation for the Surgivet compared with IBP were 8.6 ± 18 for SAP and 8.4 ± 9.9 for DAP, showing a significant underestimation of both variables. Limits of agreement (LOA) were from –27 to 44 for SAP and from –11 to 28 for DAP. Correlation coefficients between the Surgivet and IBP values were 0.86 for SAP and 0.85 for DAP (p < 0.0001). Bias and standard deviation for the Omron compared with the IBP were –21 ± 25 for SAP and –18 ± 15 for DAP, showing a significant overestimation of both variables. LOA were from –70 to –28 for SAP and from –47 to 11 for DAP. Spearman correlation coefficients between the Omron and IBP values were 0.64 for SAP and 0.72 for DAP (p < 0.0001).Conclusions and clinical relevanceAlthough neither device met all the criteria for device validation, the Surgivet presented better agreement with IBP values than the Omron in adult anaesthetized chimpanzees.     

不同形式补铁补硒对仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标、免疫性能的影响

[目的] 比较母猪和仔猪不同形式的补铁补硒对仔猪生产性能、血液生化指标、免疫性能的影响。[方法] 将32头母猪随机分为8组,每组4头,1~4组基础日粮中添加硫酸亚铁和亚硒酸钠,5~8组基础日粮中添加甘氨酸螯合铁和硒代蛋氨酸。2组和6组母猪所产仔猪于3日龄肌注铁硒合剂;3组和7组仔猪基础日粮中添加硫酸亚铁和亚硒酸钠;4组和8组仔猪基础日粮中添加甘氨酸螯合铁和硒代蛋氨酸;1组和5组仔猪饲喂基础日粮,不接受任何形式的补铁补硒。母猪预产期前30 d开始饲喂试验日粮,仔猪7日龄时开始饲喂试验日粮,试验至仔猪21日龄断奶结束。测定并比较不同组别仔猪生长性能指标、血液生化指标以及免疫性能指标,以及不同组别母猪初乳和常乳中的铁硒含量。[结果] 在仔猪补铁补硒形式相同的条件下,母猪基础日粮中添加甘氨酸螯合铁和硒代蛋氨酸（5~8组）与基础日粮中补充硫酸亚铁和亚硒酸钠（1~4组）相比,能够显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）提高仔猪的初生重、断奶重、断奶存活率、断奶合格率,2日龄和21日龄血浆铁含量、血浆硒含量、血红蛋白含量、血浆转铁蛋白含量、IgA含量、IgG含量、IgM含量,以及母猪初乳和常乳中的铁硒含量;在2种形式的母猪补铁补硒条件下,与不补铁补硒相比,仔猪不同补铁补硒形式（2~4组和6~8组）对其断奶重、断奶存活率、断奶合格率,以及21日龄血浆铁含量、血浆硒含量、血红蛋白含量、血浆转铁蛋白含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性、IgA含量、IgG含量、IgM含量均有极显著（P<0.01）的提高作用,并且仔猪基础日粮中添加甘氨酸螯合铁和硒代蛋氨酸的效果优于肌注铁硒合剂和基础日粮中补充硫酸亚铁和亚硒酸钠。[结论] 母猪和仔猪基础日粮中添加甘氨酸螯合铁和硒代蛋氨酸,能有效提升仔猪的生长性能、血液生化指标和免疫性能。     

VD在骨骼外系统中的作用及其研究进展

以往普遍认为VD的主要功能是调节Ca离子来促进骨骼的生长和预防佝偻病,但最近几年的研究发现,VD不仅在骨骼疾病中起到重要作用,还与多种骨骼外疾病密切相关,包括一些心血管疾病、代谢紊乱有关的疾病、恶性肿瘤、过敏性疾病、自身免疫性疾病、生殖方面影响等。目前对VD生物学功能的研究比较全面和深入,但大部分是针对人体和小鼠的基础研究,对诸如牛、猪、犬、猫等不同动物VD的骨骼外系统生物学功能的研究较少。在查阅相关文献的基础上,通过对VD在血压、免疫调节、内分泌、子宫内膜和骨骼肌方面的生物学功能和研究进展进行总结,为不同动物VD在骨骼外系统生物学功能的研究提供一定参考。     

Blood Typing of Asiatic Black Bear (Ursusthibetanus)

In this study,we aimed to determine whether bear had different blood group systems.Whole blood samples were collected from 40 Asiatic Black bears in Fujian province,China.Tube method was used to detect antibodies in plasma,and antibody isotype was determined with 2-mercaptoethanol.Plasma was further analyzed by mass spectrometry.The plasma from four bears had antibodies,possibly IgM isoform,which could agglutinate RBCs from 30 bears.Blood samples from 10 bears were tested by human blood typing reagents.The results showed that 4 bears had blood type like human type O,while 6 bears had like human type B.Plasma protein had extensive homology to serum albumin-like isoform 1 found in giant panda (Ailuropodamelanoleuca).We suggested that Asiatic Black bear might have at least one blood group system with two blood types.If the sick bear needs blood transfusion,a cross-matching test was necessary.Moreover,giant panda might receive blood from Asiatic Black bear in case of emergency.     

假蒟提取物对感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫鸡血液指标的影响

本试验旨在研究假蒟提取物对感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫鸡血液指标的影响。270只1日龄海南文昌公鸡,随机分为6个组,每组3个重复,每重复15只,T1、T2和T3组为对照组(依次分为不感染不给药组、感染不给药组、感染给药组);T4、T5和T6组为假蒟添加组,分别在基础日粮中添加200、400、600mg/kg假蒟提取物粉剂。15日龄时,每组随机抽取30只鸡,除T1组灌服生理盐水外,其他各组鸡均经口接种柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊悬液,分别于接种前1d,接种后3、6、9d清晨采血测定其血液指标。结果表明,与感染球虫不给药的T2组相比,假蒟组(T4、T5、T6)可以显著降低感染球虫鸡粪便中球虫卵囊值(P0.05)。假蒟组在感染球虫后第6天,与T1组比,RBC、HGB、HCT、Ca2+、Na+、Cl-、TP、ALB、GLB、TG、CHOL、T4等指标呈下降趋势;但在感染球虫后第9天,TP、GLB含量均显著高于T1组(P0.05);在感染球虫后第6天,假蒟组与对照组相比,ALT、AST浓度水平均显著降低(P0.05)。结果提示,假蒟提取物能提高感染球虫后鸡机体免疫机能,降低肝脏损伤,降低鸡感染球虫后粪便卵囊值,具有一定的抗球虫效果。     

Effect of micronized pea seeds (Pisum sativum L.) as a substitute of soybean meal on tissue fatty acid composition and quality of broiler chicken meat

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of micronized pea seeds introduced into feed mixes for broilers on the slaughter yield, blood lipid parameters, content of fatty acids in selected tissues, and meat quality. The studies involved 150 1‐day‐old Ross 308 chicks split into three groups (for 42 days). The feed rations differed in terms of the source of proteins: in the control group (C), it was post‐extraction soybean meal (SBM) 100%; in group I, SBM 50% and micronized peas 50%; and in group II, micronized peas only, 100%. Irradiated pea seeds added to the feed ration for chicks reduced the fattening grade of carcasses (P < 0.05). Additionally, significant improvement of blood lipid indices was recorded. The share of the irradiated pea seeds in feed mixes decreased the share of saturated fatty acids in the muscles and abdominal fat and had a positive effect on the n‐6/n‐3 ratio, hypocholesterolemic / hypercholesterolemic ratio, as well as the atherogenic and thrombogenic indices (P < 0.05).